Acid reflux, also referred to as gastroesophageal reflux (GER), is a common condition where stomach acid flows back in to the esophagus, causing irritation and discomfort. This condition can cover anything from mild to severe and is usually generally known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) when it becomes chronic.

Causes of Acid Reflux

The primary cause of acid reflux is a malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a ring of muscle at the end of the esophagus that acts as a valve. Typically, the LES opens to allow food in to the stomach and closes to prevent acid from escaping. On the flip side, in the event the LES is weak or relaxes inappropriately, stomach acid can backflow into the esophagus.

Several factors can contribute to the weakening of the LES, including obesity, smoking, pregnancy, and certain foods and beverages such as spicy foods, chocolate, caffeine, and alcohol. Additionally, eating large meals or lying down immediately after eating can raise the risk of acid reflux.

Symptoms of Acid Reflux

The most common symptom of acid reflux is heartburn, a burning sensation in the chest that can extend to the neck and throat. Other symptoms include regurgitation of food or sour liquid, difficulty swallowing, chronic cough, laryngitis, and also the feeling of a lump within the throat. In severe cases, it may bring about inflammation of the esophagus (esophagitis), which could cause bleeding or ulcers.

Managing Acid Reflux

Managing acid reflux often involves lifestyle changes and over-the-counter medications. Here are some effective strategies:

Dietary Adjustments: Avoid foods and beverages that trigger reflux. Eating smaller, more frequent meals instead of large meals may also help.
Weight Loss: Losing weight if overweight can reduce pressure on the stomach and LES.
Elevate the Head During Sleep: Raising the head of the bed by 6-8 inches can prevent acid from flowing back into the esophagus during sleep.
Medications: Antacids, H2 blockers, and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) can reduce stomach acid production and provide relief.
Avoid Smoking and Alcohol: Both can weaken the LES and increase acid reflux symptoms.
In cases where lifestyle changes and medications do not provide sufficient relief, surgical options for example fundoplication could be considered.

Acid reflux is a manageable condition with proper lifestyle adjustments and medical treatment. If you experience frequent or severe symptoms, it's important to consult a healthcare provider to produce a highly effective management plan and stop complications.